django的创建与配置

Django 纯净版的创建：

使用Django admin路径：

python3 manage.py createsuperuser   # 创建admin账户密码

安装Django环境：

# 安装virtualenv
pip3 install virtualenv

# 创建python环境文件夹
python3 -m venv django_venv     # (bash 运行结果，会在当前文件夹创建一个django_venv的文件夹)

# source /bin/activate
source ./django_venv/bin/activate
# 备注：如果进入虚拟环境成功，在命令行前面会有一个小括号

# 进入成功后，安装django环境
pip3 install django #国外服务器下载
pip3 install django==2.2     #  指定安装django版本2.2
pip3 install django -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple   #  国内豆瓣源加速连接

# 创建网站项目工程
# django-admin startproject <网站工程名>
django-admin startproject mysite

# 开启python—django网站服务
python3 manage.py runserver   # 以默认的方式启动django服务
python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000  # 命令行模式

nohup python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 > manage.log 2>&1 &   # 进程模式

# python manage.py startapp <子应用名称>
python manage.py startapp index  # 创建了一个名叫 的文件夹

settings：配置

如果使用默认的sqlite数据库：

# 在虚拟环境下使用：
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate

from pathlib import Path
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-p5t$3q2@12loakok_!**=^+c2h+fpgw#ca=zl$@in)(^=tcv^f'
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # 'django.contrib.admin',     #  纯净版django  # django 内置后台管理，简单数据库的增删改查
    # 'django.contrib.auth',      #  纯净版django 剔除  # 用户登录和认证权限
    # 'django.contrib.contenttypes',   #  纯净版django 剔除  # 复杂表结构关系
    # 'django.contrib.sessions',    #  纯净版django 剔除  # 如果项目中有登录成功 让用户可以访问
    # 'django.contrib.messages',    #  纯净版django 剔除  # 消息展示，依赖Session
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',   # 静态资源处理，图片、css、js等
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    # 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',   # 纯净版django 剔除
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    # 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',   # 纯净版django 剔除
    # 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',   # 纯净版django 剔除
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'Dome_Datou.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                # 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',   # 纯净版django 剔除
                # 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',    # 纯净版django 剔除
            ],
        },
    },
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'Dome_Datou.wsgi.application'
# >>>  python3 manage.py makemigrations
# >>>  python3 manage.py migrate
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'    # 设置 英文
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'    # 设置中文
# TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'  # 亚洲上海
# 启用国际化
USE_I18N = True
# 启用本地化
# USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
STATIC_URL = 'static/'
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

urls：配置

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

Django 多App的创建：

# 创建apps
# 以下命令 在项目根目录下运行 就是在有 manage.py文件的那个路径
mkdir apps  # 创建apps文件夹

# 创建即将创建的 app名称文件夹
mkdir apps/app01

# 创建app01
python3 manage.py startapp app01 apps/app01   # 在apps/app01 中创建app01程序


# 创建即将创建的 app名称文件夹
mkdir apps/www

# 创建app01
python3 manage.py startapp www apps/www   # 在apps/www 中创建www程序

修改app下面 apps.py中的配置文件

在settings中组册app

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # 'django.contrib.admin',     #  纯净版django  # django 内置后台管理，简单数据库的增删改查
    # 'django.contrib.auth',      #  纯净版django 剔除  # 用户登录和认证权限
    # 'django.contrib.contenttypes',   #  纯净版django 剔除  # 复杂表结构关系
    # 'django.contrib.sessions',    #  纯净版django 剔除  # 如果项目中有登录成功 让用户可以访问
    # 'django.contrib.messages',    #  纯净版django 剔除  # 消息展示，依赖Session
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',   # 静态资源处理，图片、css、js等
    'apps.app01.apps.App01Config'
]

路由：配置

路由分发配置：

访问url：http://127.0.0.1:8000/web/user/

主路由：

from django.urls import path, re_path, include
urlpatterns = [
    path("web/", include("apps.www.urls"))
]

子路由（apps/www）：

from django.urls import path
from apps.www import views

urlpatterns = [
    path("user/", views.user)
]

视图配置：

from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def user(request):
    return HttpResponse("创建用户名成功 >>> ")

路由中 name的使用 => 反向生成网址，登录成功 => 跳转页面：

from apps.app01 import views
# 自定义请求 添加模块
from django.urls import URLPattern, ResolverMatch
from django.urls.resolvers import RoutePattern, RegexPattern     # RoutePattern：普通路由， 正则路由： RegexPattern


class MyURLPattern(URLPattern):
    def resolve(self, path):
        match = self.pattern.match(path)
        if match:
            new_path, args, captured_kwargs = match
            # Pass any default args as **kwargs.
            kwargs = {**captured_kwargs, **self.default_args}
            return ResolverMatch(
                self.callback,
                args,
                kwargs,
                self.pattern.name,
                route=str(self.pattern),
                captured_kwargs=captured_kwargs,
                extra_kwargs=self.default_args,
            )


class MyRoutePattern(RoutePattern):
    def match(self, path):
        match = self.regex.search(path)
        if match:
            # RoutePattern doesn't allow non-named groups so args are ignored.
            kwargs = match.groupdict()
            for key, value in kwargs.items():
                converter = self.converters[key]
                try:
                    kwargs[key] = converter.to_python(value)
                except ValueError:
                    return None
            return path[match.end():], (), kwargs
        return None
urlpatterns = [
  MyURLPattern(MyRoutePattern("login/<str:v1>", name="n1", is_endpoint=True), views.login, None, "n1"),   # 等价于 path('login/', views.login, name="n1"),
]

def login(request, v1):
  	url = reverse('n1', kwargs={"v1": v1})   # kwargs={"<路由中的键>": <用户传递进来的v1>}
    print(url) # /login/sdad
    return HttpResponse("欢迎登录！")

urls.py 配置:

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path
from apps.app01 import views

# 自定义请求 添加模块
from django.urls import URLPattern, ResolverMatch
from django.urls.resolvers import RoutePattern, RegexPattern     # RoutePattern：普通路由， 正则路由： RegexPattern

# 重写 URLPattern
class MyURLPattern(URLPattern):
    def resolve(self, path):
        match = self.pattern.match(path)
        if match:
            new_path, args, captured_kwargs = match
            # Pass any default args as **kwargs.
            kwargs = {**captured_kwargs, **self.default_args}
            return ResolverMatch(
                self.callback,
                args,
                kwargs,
                self.pattern.name,
                route=str(self.pattern),
                captured_kwargs=captured_kwargs,
                extra_kwargs=self.default_args,
            )

# 重写 RoutePattern
class MyRoutePattern(RoutePattern):
    def match(self, path):
        match = self.regex.search(path)
        if match:
            # RoutePattern doesn't allow non-named groups so args are ignored.
            kwargs = match.groupdict()
            for key, value in kwargs.items():
                converter = self.converters[key]
                try:
                    kwargs[key] = converter.to_python(value)
                except ValueError:
                    return None
            return path[match.end():], (), kwargs
        return None

urlpatterns = [
    # 默认后台登录页面， 一般不用(自己重写)
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    # http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/    # 默认地址 无传参
    # http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/?a1=1&a2=2   # 默认传递两个参数 ： a1=1   a2=2
    MyURLPattern(MyRoutePattern("login/", name=None, is_endpoint=True), views.login, None, None),
    # path('login/', views.login),

    # http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/2222/
    # http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/2222/?a1=1&a2=2
    # path("info/<int:v1>/", views.info),
    MyURLPattern(MyRoutePattern("info/<int:v1>/", name=None, is_endpoint=True), views.info, None, None),

    # http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/2222/
    # http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/2222/?a1=1&a2=2
    # path("xx/<path:v2>/", views.s_path),
    MyURLPattern(MyRoutePattern("xx/<path:v2>/", name=None, is_endpoint=True), views.s_path, None, None),

    # # http://127.0.0.1:8000/xx/f9aa6e73-c310-8aab-a36c-e9758d8c4a1d/
    # path("xx/<uuid:v3>/", views.uuid),
    MyURLPattern(MyRoutePattern("xx/<uuid:v3>/", name=None, is_endpoint=True), views.uuid, None, None),

    # # http://127.0.0.1:8000/other/11/kanoc/
    # path("other/<int:v1>/<str:v2>/", views.other),
    MyURLPattern(MyRoutePattern("other/<int:v1>/<str:v2>/", name=None, is_endpoint=True), views.other, None, None),

    # 要使用 re_path 要引入文件  from django.urls import path, re_path
    # # http://127.0.0.1:8000/yy/2024-05-14/
    # re_path(r'yy/(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})', views.yy),
    MyURLPattern(RegexPattern(r'yy/(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})', name=None, is_endpoint=True), views.yy, None, None),

views.py 配置:

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse


# Create your views here.

# path('login/', views.login),
def login(request):
    print(request.GET)
    # # 如果 http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/?a1=1&a2=2
    # # 则：
    # a1 = request.GET.get('a1')   # 获取 a1的值
    # a2 = request.GET.get('a2')   # 获取 a2的值
    # print(a1)
    # print(a2)
    return HttpResponse("欢迎登录！")

# path("info/<int:v1>/", views.info)
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/2222/
def info(request, v1):
    print(v1)  # 结果 ：2222
    print(request.GET)
    return HttpResponse("欢迎登录！")

# path("xx/<path:v2>/", views.s_path),
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/xx/user/ps/ja/
def s_path(request, v2):
    print(v2)  # 结果 ：user/ps/ja
    print(request.GET)
    return HttpResponse("欢迎登录！")

# path("xx/<uuid:v3>/", views.uuid)
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/xx/f9aa6e73-c310-8aab-a36c-e9758d8c4a1d/
def uuid(request, v3):
    print(v3)  # 结果 ：f9aa6e73-c310-8aab-a36c-e9758d8c4a1d
    print(request.GET)
    return HttpResponse("欢迎登录！")

# path("other/<int:v1>/<str:v2>/", views.uuid),
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/other/11/kanoc/
def other(request, v1, v2):
    print(v1, v2)  # 结果 ：11    kanoc
    print(request.GET)
    return HttpResponse("欢迎登录！")

# 此路由 为正则匹配路由， 要使用则正匹配路由 需要在路由配置文件中 引入模块 from django.urls import path, re_path
# re_path(r'yy/(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})', views.other)
# http://127.0.0.1:8000/yy/2024-05-14/

def yy(request, v1, v2, v3):
    print(v1, v2, v3)  # 结果 ：2024 05 14
    print(request.GET)
    return HttpResponse("欢迎登录！")

URL-CBV：写法

cbv写法 django会自动定位到请求到方法，不用自己单独的去判断post 、get…

from django.urls import path
from apps.CBV import views

urlpatterns = [
    path("cbv/", views.CBV.as_view())
]

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views import View

# Create your views here.

class CBV(View):
    def get(self, request):
        return HttpResponse("The CBV get")

    def post(self, request):
        return HttpResponse("The CBV post")

URL-CBV：取值

from django.urls import path, re_path
from apps.CBV import views

urlpatterns = [
    path("cbv/<int:v1>", views.CBV.as_view()),    # 传递的 v1 会放到 self.kwargs
    re_path("cbv/(\d+)/", views.CBV.as_view()),    # 传递的 参数 会放到 self.args
    re_path("cbv/(?P<v1>\d+)/", views.CBV.as_view())    # 传递的 参数 会放到 self.kwargs
]

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views import View
class CBV(View):
    def get(self, request, v1):
       # 非命名的方式 传递的参数，会放到 self.args 命名的参数，会放到self.kwargs
        print(self.request, self.args, self.kwargs) 
        return HttpResponse("The CBV get")
    def post(self, request):
        return HttpResponse("The CBV post")

ORM：配置

新建app：

python3 manage.py startapp app01 # 在当前目录下 创建一个叫 app01的文件夹


INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # 'django.contrib.admin',     #  纯净版django  # django 内置后台管理，简单数据库的增删改查
    # 'django.contrib.auth',      #  纯净版django 剔除  # 用户登录和认证权限
    # 'django.contrib.contenttypes',   #  纯净版django 剔除  # 复杂表结构关系
    # 'django.contrib.sessions',    #  纯净版django 剔除  # 如果项目中有登录成功 让用户可以访问
    # 'django.contrib.messages',    #  纯净版django 剔除  # 消息展示，依赖Session
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',   # 静态资源处理，图片、css、js等
    'app01.apps.App01Config'    # 添加app
]

models.py 配置:

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户名", max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)

读取models 生成相应本地配置：

1、>>> python3 manage.py makemigrations   # 生成配置  
2、>>> python3 manage.py migrate  # 载入配置

返回数据：

from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect

return HttpResponse("The CBV get")   # 返回字符串
return JsonResponse({"status": True, "name": "小蘑菇"}, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False})   # 返回中文 而非 ascii 码
return render(request, "demo.html")   # 返回html 页面
return redirect("https://www.baidu.com", permanent=False)   # 返回 302 临时重定向
return redirect("https://www.baidu.com", permanent=True)  # 返回 301 永久重定向